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Chronology
Sci-Tech
The known universe

The gargantuan intellect that is Stephen Hawking, who has more letters after his name than in it, and who retired  as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University only a year ago, has now more or less retired God as well.

He doesn’t have an actual replacement – yet - but when M-Theory is “proven”, Hawking believes that should kind of do it for God’s role in the universe. For many years, the ultimate goal of science has been the Theory of Everything: The one comprehensive theory that will explain all the mysteries and apparent contradictions of physics in one fell swoop. Thirty years ago, Stephen Hawking proclaimed that such a theory was virtually around the corner, with a good chance of the new millennium seeing its discovery. But while the grand, unifying theory still remains a pipe-dream, Hawking is still… More

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US

US maker of anti-wrinkle treatment wriggles its way out of court by agreeing to a huge fine – almost half its 2009 sales of Botox - for making false claims about its flagship product and assorted dodgy marketing ploys.

After examining Allergan’s marketing practices from 2005 to 2008, the Food and Drug Administration charged the company with promoting the drug for unauthorised uses. Investigations revealed Allergan drove a vigorous marketing programme which included payment of kickbacks to doctors to get them to prescribe Botox for off-label conditions. These conditions, mostly pain and severe spasms in the limbs of children with spasticity and cerebral palsy, are not included in the drug’s label and hence constitute infringement of the law. Botox is most popularly used for reducing the vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows. It had been approved by the Food and… More

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Science World

Cannabis, LSD, ecstasy? First thoughts: illegal, crime, jail. In future, it may change, however, if new research is to be believed. 

Since the use of these drugs is banned almost worldwide, scientists are not enthusiastic about studying their therapeutic effects. But with advancements in brain-imaging methods and better studies on how these drugs work on animals, a lot of new research is suddenly being focussed on this area. In fact, some positive results are being yielded in clinical trials with LSD, ecstasy (MDMA) and other psychotropic drugs. If this trend continues, governments might have to rethink their stance on the regulation and funding of research on the positive benefits from such drugs. Franz Vollenweider of the Zurich University Hospital of Psychiatry,… More

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US

Cyber-spooks look to super-programs to plug the holes in the intelligence dykes breached by Wiki-Leaks. And it’s not going to be a quick-in-quick-out guerrilla op either.

Espionage has always been associated with high technology, but this time spies may have met their match. Or that's what the Pentagon would have us believe. Scientists at the Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency (Darpa) are evolving a system that would make it almost impossible for troops to channel classified military documents to WikiLeaks, or even to foreign governments. The flipside? It involves enhanced monitoring for those in the military, and even greater tracking of email, web and other network usage. The new project is called Cinder (Cyber Insider Threat). Interestingly enough, it is led by a Darpa manager Peiter… More

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South Africa

BMW’s Z4 is considered a glamorous roadster by some, and a poser special by others. Regardless of your point of view, what can’t be denied is that this latest Z4 is the largest and heaviest of its ilk. Which is perhaps why BMW has created a new flagship with more power and torque than ever before. It’s called the sDrive35iS. By DEON SCHOEMAN.

In BMW lore, the ‘iS’ nomenclature has always been reserved for special, sporty cars – models that don’t quite achieve the dizzying performance heights of the Bavarian auto maker’s hallowed ‘M’ cars, but are still licensed to thrill well beyond the level of the standard versions. No surprise then that the ‘iS’ version of the Z4 has become something of a bone of contention. It’s certainly not a homologation special, created solely for the purposes of racing. But it also lacks the outright appeal that true sports cars harness. Part of the reason is a lack of credibility – a… More

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CERN

It would’ve made the perfect scenario for a Terry Pratchett science-fantasy novella - if the protagonists were not deadly serious and the potential damages involved not been the fate of our home planet, Earth. But such was the backdrop to the latest court case in the US aimed at halting the biggest and costliest scientific experiment in history.

Before it first coughed into life, the multibillion-dollar Large Hadron Collider at CERN in Switzerland was either going to be the biggest leap science had ever taken, or the possible cause of the destruction of the Earth by the formation of a miniature black hole, depending on who you talked to. The protons’ collision in the 27km-long LHC, the most powerful particle accelerator in the world, has been in the news for a while now, and is a hotly debated topic among laypeople and scientists alike. But the battle was being fought in courts and not in scientific journals. Now… More

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World

Since the beginning of recorded history, poets and philosophers have suspected that language speaks us more than we speak language. Science tried in the twentieth century to prove the notion empirically, but ultimately failed. Now science is back – it appears our languages do make us think differently. Which is bad news for South Africa’s ‘we-are-one’-style marketing campaigns. By KEVIN BLOOM.

In February 1945, when he was a few months shy of his third birthday, the boy who would one day become the writer and human rights activist known to the world as Ariel Dorfman caught pneumonia. Back then he answered to the name Vladimiro – his father was a committed leftist and a fan of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin – and, following a right-wing coup in Argentina, he was living with his parents in exile in the United States. Up until the month that he was interned in a New York hospital and kept behind a glass partition to protect the… More

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Nairobi, Kenya

At this year’s Maker Faire Africa inventors from throughout the continent showed the world the vast talent that exists in Africa’s informal sectors. By MANDY DE WAAL.

Go to a Maker Faire in New York, Detroit or Dublin and you’ll be dazzled by hobbyists who had the time and inclination to make a shark mobile, kinetic squid sculpture or a solar-powered chariot pulled by an Arnold Schwarzenegger robot. Back home in Africa things are done a little differently. “In the West, Maker Faires are mainly for creative types who tinker around in their spare time. But what we find in Africa is that it is much more about practical innovation. It’s about ingenuity driven by necessity. It’s all about creating something that people can try to make… More

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World

To the 33 Chilean miners still trapped 700m underground, every bit of help is welcome. But this time help is coming from unexpected quarters, as the experience of Nasa astronauts is being used to predict and counter the mental and physical challenges they face.

There was much elation when it was discovered that the 33 miners, trapped for 17 days in the depths of a copper and gold mine near San José, were still alive. They were discovered on 22 August when they started tapping the rescue drill that was digging to search for them. But rescue operations are proving to be slow and laborious. Despite the modern technology, it is estimated the rescue tunnel will only be completed in four months’ time. Scientists predict that malnourishment, atrophied intestines and weaker bones are just a few of the many health problems the miners could… More

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South Africa

It’s taken Ford Motor Company Southern Africa almost two years to finally introduce the performance flagship of its Focus hatchback range on local soil. However, that the SA launch of the Ford Focus RS coincides with the end of RS production in Europe makes one wonder whether this isn’t just another example of selling off old stock that nobody else wants.

It’s going to be remembered as one of the most exciting Ford performance cars ever built. But for all its dynamic potential and in-your-face looks, the RS is no longer in production. An all-new Focus is already on its way and may eventually spawn a new-generation RS. However, for now, this is the end of the Focus RS road – except in South Africa, where the RS made a somewhat unexpected debut this week. Unexpected, because the local Ford operation has steadfastly refused to launch the car here, citing fuel incompatibility as the primary reason. So, what’s changed since then?… More

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Cape Town

The debris from Cape Town's iconic Athlone cooling towers, which were reduced to 21,600 tonnes of rubble this past weekend, will be recycled, made into bricks and reused for city development, a measure that may warm the hearts of those miffed by the demolition's early detonation.

"Most of the broadcast media televising the demolition were a bit upset with us, but the main theme of this whole project from a disaster management point of view was to ensure that the whole operation was done in a safe and secure manner," said Wilfred Solomons-Johannes, who headed up the project to bring down Cape Town's "two old ladies", the cooling towers that for 50 years were a city landmark. "The implosion took place three-and-a-half minutes earlier because the blaster considered a number of factors before he initiated the detonation of the explosion and took the decision to go… More

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Middle East

In the past week, Iranian military and nuclear developments may be pointing towards a nuclear military future for that country – or maybe not. And that’s the problem – neither governments nor experts around the world can agree exactly what’s happening. And uncertainty about Iran’s nuclear intentions is exactly what the Middle East doesn’t need.

Last weekend the world had a glimpse of what may be the most recent piece in this puzzle when Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad inaugurated the country's newest weapon, the so-called “ambassador of death”, Iran’s first domestically built unmanned bomber aircraft. Iranian state television said the drone craft can carry four cruise missiles and has a range of about 1,000km. The missiles extend its range that much further, all the way to, say, Tel Aviv or Haifa and beyond. And keeping everyone’s attention on its military capabilities, a few days earlier Iran test-fired a new liquid-fuel surface-to-surface missile, the Qiam-1, equipped… More

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Africa

From human trafficking to organising scarce medical resources to mapping government shortfalls of essential drugs in Africa, FrontlineSMS is enabling activists, aid workers and NGOs to communicate effectively en masse. And all it takes is a computer, a mobile phone and a sliver of network presence.

St Gabriel is a rural hospital some 60km west of Lilongwe, the capital of Malawi. The medical facility is based in a rural area and cares for about a quarter of a million people. Needless to say resources are precious at St Gabriel and the more astutely they are managed, the greater the benefit the hospital can deliver to the community. The hero in this story is a very basic piece of technology, but one that works wonders for anything from clinics to activists based in far flung places struggling to communicate with large groups of people. Called FrontlineSMS all… More

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US

On Friday, Facebook announced a new addition to its social networking site as part of its steady march to world conquest. And, as is often the case with the social networking behemoth, reactions ranged from dire warnings to loud applause.

Facebook Places is a geo-location service which allows a user to “check in” to locations and share the information in the News Feed. As concerning as geo-location social networking can be for those who are nervous about letting complete strangers know when they are out shopping for lettuce, this new addition to Facebook is poised to bring location-based social networking from the fringes and into the mainstream. Facebook said on its blog, “If you're like me, when you find a place you really like, you want to tell your friends you're there. Maybe it's a new restaurant, a beautiful hiking… More

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South Africa

The Jaguar brand may be celebrating 75 summers, but the British car maker’s history has been a chequered one, alternating glorious designs and evocative automobiles with troubled business strategies and red ink on the bottom line. Now supported by Mumbai money, Jaguar seems to be steering a more resolute course – as its latest flagship proves. But moguls beware: this is no fat-cat limo ...

It’s not easy to be a premium brand. Potential volumes are low, and retail prices high, although, as the successful brands in this segment prove, there’s also a fair profit margin. By the same token, the customer base is fussy and brand loyalty difficult to establish. One would have thought that 75 years was long enough to give Jaguar a foothold in this sector. But like much of the once thriving British motor industry, the Leaping Cat has at times struggled to maintain momentum, both in model range and business terms. It seemed things were changing for the better when… More

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The Cloud

From US secretary of state Hillary Clinton to Internet guru Clay Shirky, everybody has a story to tell about how Ushahidi is saving lives or impacting on the world with technology for citizens to report and map crisis incidents. Locally Ushahidi was used to track xenophobic violence, but now thanks to the roll out of a new version called Crowdmap, we’re crowdsourcing media freedom too.

It was a cruel act of nature. After years of dry weather that pushed farmers to the precipice of financial ruin, came monsoon rains that created a flood disaster that left 1,500 people dead and displaced some 4.5 million in Pakistan. As in Haiti, Ushahidi became the technology that would help aid workers and locals manage and track the crisis. Unlike Haiti, by the time flooding in Pakistan took its tool, Ushahidi would be plug-and-play.  In August Ushahidi launched Crowdmap, a hosted “in the cloud” service that would be as technologically simple to use as opening a Gmail account or… More

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US

The bad news is he’s serious. Eric Schmidt, the chief executive of the world’s most powerful Internet company, would like to do away with anonymity in cyberspace. The good news? You tell us.

Google isn’t your spouse. It doesn’t know, for instance, when you’ve woken up in a bad mood, when you’re depressed or manic, when you haven’t taken your meds. It can’t work out from the expression on your face whether you’re suffering or satisfied, and it can’t cheer you up after a bleak day at the office or punish you for minor infringements. But, if you upload your budget to Google Docs, it knows as much as your spouse about your finances. If you use Gmail, it probably knows better than your spouse who your friends are. And if you use… More

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South Africa

The medium-size sedan segment is one of the toughest on the local car market – and not because there are a lot of competitors vying for the attention of buyers. In fact, quite the opposite: there are only a handful of models from which to choose. But there’s a good reason for this: Nobody wants to buy them.

It’s no secret why medium-sized sedans are so unpopular in SA. Buyers in this segment would rather burn their cash on a compact premium sedan – like the Audi A4, the BMW 3-Series or the Mercedes-Benz C-class – than pay similar money for a larger car from a less prestigious brand. And if that sounds crazy, it is: Except for the fact that in this country, status and image count for more than real and tangible benefits, such as space and comfort, plenty of features and versatile practicality. You see, on our roads, you are what you drive, and most… More

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Hiroshima, World

On 6 August 1945, just after 8:15 in the morning, a silvery B-29 bomber flew over the Japanese city of Hiroshima and dropped only one bomb. It killed tens of thousands, grievously wounded many more and virtually annihilated the core of that ancient city. The world instantly knew that, from that moment on, nothing would ever be the same.

This fearsome new weapon had only recently been perfected by a team of thousands working in secret on the Manhattan Project, led by the brilliant, deeply driven physicist, Robert Oppenheimer. When he saw the first successful test of an atomic device on 16 July 1945 in the New Mexico desert, Oppenheimer presciently quoted a Hindu sacred text: “Now I am become death, the destroyer of worlds”. Three days later a second bomb devastated Nagasaki and the following week, Japan unconditionally surrendered to the Allies. And yet, it was near happenstance that Hiroshima became the first target of a nuclear explosion… More

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South Africa

The problem with hybrid cars is that they lack outright sex appeal. Enter the Honda CR-Z: a hybrid that actually looks good. Even better, it feels every bit as keenly honed as it looks. Could this be the sport car of the future? Well, almost.

If we said “hybrid car”, what would the first words be that came to mind? Well, let’s take a guess: fuel economy and eco-friendly would be the most likely responses. But you’d also add terms like boring and sluggish to the list. Hey, it’s hard to get passionate about a Prius just because it happens to combine petrol and electric power – especially when the car itself looks dull and dumpy. However, maybe not all hybrids are created equal: if the hybrid happens to be Honda CR-Z, about which you might want to consider using words like striking, sexy and… More

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Africa

With no money, but a wealth of innovation, Bright Simons created an SMS-based system that is helping Nigeria fight a deadly onslaught of counterfeit medicines. The remedy is so successful it is now being tested in Ghana, and considered by other African states, to stem an avalanche that’s killing hundreds of thousands of people each year.

In November 2008 mothers in Nigeria wanting to alleviate their children’s teething pains were unknowingly administering poisons to their infants.  Eighty-four babies died in one of the cruellest waves of infant mortalities from fake drugs to hit the country. It lasted about six months. That time the killer was My Pikin Baby Teething Mixture, a syrup sold to combat infant teething pains, but which was fake and contained a deadly mix of diethylene glycol. More commonly known as anti-freeze, diethylene glycol is used in fridges and cars. In babies the highly toxic liquid, that looks like glycerine, causes vomiting, diarrhoea,… More

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South Africa

One could ask whether large, luxury cars still have a role in a society increasingly concerned about environmental issues. And one could query their relevance at a time when a display of ostentatious wealth isn’t exactly PC. But then, what would we give our ministers to drive? Fortunately, the new Audi A8 can count more than opulence among its many talents – and as flagship cars go, it’s pretty eco-aware too.

South Africans aren’t exactly sophisticated when it comes to choosing their cars. Instead of weighing up our real requirements against the available budget, and then selecting the package that best suits our transport needs, we tend to throw all caution to the wind and base our automotive purchase decisions almost solely on emotional grounds. It’s the reason why many individuals spend more on servicing their monthly car nstalment sale agreement than on home loan repayments. In SA, you are what you drive. Our cars are not mere appliances: They are symbols of status, of achievement, of having arrived. There are… More

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World

A quarter of a century is a long time to sustain the mystique and desirability of a nameplate. But the M3 has always counted among BMW’s adulated cars. And to celebrate its 25th, the Bavarians assembled pristine examples of all four M3 generations at the Ascari racing circuit in Spain – and announced a special, limited-edition M3 to mark the occasion.

From the air, the Spanish town of Malaga looks nothing like the holiday haven it’s famed to be. Dry and dusty, its sprawl clings to a parched seaboard, lapped by a listless Mediterranean Sea. We’ve been on the move for 18 hours now, escaping a frozen Johannesburg via Frankfurt and Zurich, to finally emerge into the hot steamy Spanish summer. But thankfully Malaga, where more people speak English than Spanish, is not our final destination. An hour’s bumpy bus ride later, a small signpost tacked to a low stone wall confirms we’ve reached Ascari. A sternly guarded security boom is… More

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UK

Every two years, the cream of aviation gravitates to the Farnborough Airfield, southwest of London, to hawk, gawk, buy or just bathe in the beauty of flying machines. This year's show may also serve as a gauge of the global economy.

This week-long air extravaganza now takes place at Farnborough in Hampshire, and attracts nearly 200,000 gawking visitors, besides buyers and sellers. The show is now produced by a subsidiary of the Aerospace Defence Security group. It now exists as a really big open-air showroom to tempt potential customers, investors and other end-users with the newest in military and civilian craft. Together with its rival, the Paris Airshow, Farnborough has become a key moment for the international aerospace industry to announce new developments, take orders and allow thousands of spectators to drool over the biggest, fastest, newest planes and their related… More

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WASHINGTON

After two years of research, one of the world's remaining beacons of investigative journalism, The Washington Post, has started publishing a series that paints the most complete picture of the US’s counter-intelligence network after 9/11. The picture, built using only publicly available information, is far from pretty.

The Washington Post has begun publishing its eagerly – or fearfully, depending who you talk to – awaited in-depth examination of the top-secret counter-intelligence world the US government summoned into being in response to the 9/11 attacks. According to Post reporters, this covert world has become so big, cumbersome and secretive that today no one actually knows how much it costs, the number of people it employs or how many agencies and programmes do the work or overlap each other in their efforts. The Post concludes that the system the US put in place to keep the country safe in… More

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Cupertino, California

For the first time in years, Apple got real grief from the public. Problems with the iPhone 4 antenna design has made it look incompetent and uncaring. So how does Steve Jobs respond? By giving out free accessories, as expected – and saying Apple's phones are just like everybody else's. Huh?

Apple chief Steve Jobs did a couple of unusual things on Friday night (SA time) in trying to defend his company from the ridicule and pockets of anger it has, unusually, come in for in recent weeks. He provided some insight into the testing environment Apple has created for its phones; limited insight, but more detail than the company has ever made public. But in a completely unexpected move, he did something we never thought possible: Steve Jobs said that Apple makes imperfect products, likened them to those made by competitors, and implied that his customers should stop acting all… More

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South Africa

With new research showing that anxiety and uncertainty fuel rabid religiosity and that smarter people don’t believe in a God, it’s a good thing the World Cup has made us more secure and hopeful.

If York University researchers are to be believed, South Africa is a country filled with rabid religiosity, but the fact that we’ve become more happy, hopeful and confident could see some of that extremism abate. York University researchers recently published the results of a study into what causes more radical religious beliefs in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology and the verdict was that extremism is all a matter of uncertainty and anxiety. The social scientists at York placed 600 participants in angst-causing situations or more neutral and calm environments and then asked these people to rate their religious… More

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South Africa

Sir Alec Issigonis would not be a fan of the modern Mini – the BMW-built lifestyle car that doffs an aesthetic hat to Issigonis’ tiny original, but lacks the real Mini’s packaging genius. Where does that leave the Countryman – BMW’s latest, most outrageous variation on the Mini theme? Considering its dimensions, perhaps they should have called it the Mini Maxi instead.

I saw an original Mini the other day. And it looked tiny by modern compact car standards. But those diminutive dimensions were at the very core of what made the Mini a motoring icon. It was a triumph of clever packaging and innovative engineering. It was kind of cute, too. Much of the Mini’s essence was expressed by the front-wheel drive layout, which placed the engine and transmission over the front axle, driving the front wheels. This configuration cost less to build, was more efficient, and freed up interior space. As it happened, it also allowed good traction, and offered… More

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South Africa

Forget Amazon’s Kindle or the iPad, here's a novel project that’s making literacy fun and could just change the way teen literature is published in Africa. We spoke to Mobile for Literacy creator, Steve Vosloo.

“Sbu hits it off with a girl at a party, but she disappears, leaving him with her cellphone. Who is she? Why doesn't anyone on her contact list know her? And why is she receiving threatening messages?” If you’re about 15, live in Gugulethu and read this mobile novel on your cellphone you’d know that following the girl at the party led Sbu and his friends into a dangerous world of action and mystery. Sbu is a character in a novel local teens are reading on a mobile device that’s not an iPhone or a Kindle, but an ordinary cellphone.… More

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South Africa

The Mitsubishi and Pajero brands are synonymous with excellent all-terrain performance. After all, Pajeros dominated the gruelling Dakar rally for many years, until VW’s Touareg broke up the Mitsubishi party. The Pajero Sport, however, is not a true member of the Pajero clan – even though it’s a competent all-roader in most respects

There’s no doubt that, in motoring terms, South Africa is 4x4 country. All-terrain vehicles, off-road bakkies and sports utility vehicles account for a big slice of the new vehicle market, and owning a go-anywhere machine is almost a South African tradition. That’s not surprising, considering just how much scope this country, and the rest of Africa, for that matter, offers those behind the wheel of an all-terrainer. All of which means there should be strong demand for a vehicle such as the Mitsubishi Pajero Sport. It may be called the Pajero Sport, but the nomenclature is actually a little misleading.… More

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