Feverish gushing about the Gautrain during its media launch drowned out everything I wanted to know. But then, I'm a crabby bastard.
"I find the #Gautrain hysteria a bit sad. Given a massive budget stolen from working people, I can build cool stuff too."
What an angry reaction that tweet provoked from the Twitterati who declared themselves "privileged" to receive an invite to "be a part of history" at the Gautrain media launch on Saturday. I've been told the privileged invitees on the train whined much about my negativity and cynicism. One committed union man even honoured me with the appellation "crabbit bastard".
While I am duly impressed with what appears to be a well-executed project to build a world-class rapid rail system, I couldn't help thinking of the airport transfer drivers I have met who expressed a real fear of losing their jobs. Acts of God they cannot avoid, but what did they do to deserve this Act of State?
Why should airport transfer companies, car hire firms and shared taxi services, which already compete with each other on the basis that each has to make a profit to justify their existence, have to compete with a taxpayer-funded service that will likely receive subsidies and bailouts whenever it runs into financial trouble?
"Are you a masochist?" asked one person when I said I might just choose taxis over the train. Well, my standards may be a little low, but being chauffeured door-to-door in the plush opulence of a new Mercedes doesn't strike me as a particularly painful way to travel. I've also used shared minibus taxis, and while they were certainly less comfortable, they were also very efficient for the price.
The last airport transfer driver I spoke with had some good conversation about the latest developments in Johannesburg, and noted perceptively that he knew many unemployed people who would love the jobs over which Gautrain workers were striking mere weeks before the project deadline.
On another occasion, I was driven around Johannesburg and Pretoria by a lady who waited at various locations for me to complete my business. I paid for that convenience; a rental car may have been cheaper. It would have been a right pain, however, to have been dependent on public transport.
So, am I a masochist? No, I'm not, and my reasons for preferring a private taxi go way beyond mere sympathy for a hard-working man or woman who earns an honest living without relying on government handouts.
Another economic question comes to mind. If a service is really so vital, why is a tax-funded monopoly required to deliver it? Are consumers not the final judge of what they prefer to purchase? Are producers not the final judge of what, given this preference, can be produced at a cost lower than the public's willingness to pay? The necessity to force people to pay for something by means of tax strongly suggests that the service in question is not economically justifiable, and the capital and labour would have been better employed elsewhere.
Think of the other government-funded or state-owned companies you know. Would you describe SAA, Transnet, Eskom, Telkom (in its day), or the SABC as shining examples of efficient and cost-effective delivery of essential services? Does the government's record give one confidence in the long-term performance of yet another government boondoggle?
Of course, this problem isn't limited to the South African government. Other countries have had exactly the same experience with grandiose public works projects.
The usual answer from government is that these projects create jobs. This sounds attractive as a political slogan, but the real challenge in any economy is to enable it to create productive jobs. Only when labour and capital are directed at profitable endeavour does aggregate prosperity rise.
This can only be done by the private sector. There is no competition in the public sector, no choice among monopoly providers, and no way for consumers to determine the marginal utility of the products and services created by different combinations of labour and capital. Worse, in the public sector there is little regard – as rising sovereign debt crises worldwide testify – for the long-term sustainability of the jobs created by government. They are, by definition, charity jobs that not only rely on confiscating profits from the private sector, but proceed to compete those very same private-sector employers out of business. How is this kind of "job creation" sustainable?
Principled opposition to public works aside, here are a few questions that appear not to have occurred to the effusive media, because all the excitement left little time for critical thought.
When road construction costs, on average, about R2 million per kilometre, will the R25 billion spent on 80km of Gautrain track be 156 times more efficient?
If it takes 15 minutes to get from the airport to Sandton, how long does it take to get from the airport to your hotel, home or office? Surely, this would involve some waiting, busing, walking and baggage-shlepping, at best?
What about those congestion charges mooted to force motorists to use a public transport option that they would ordinarily not prefer? On what grounds should motorists be punished for requiring transport along routes that differ from the Gautrain's feeder networks? And if motorists can only be persuaded to leave their vehicles by means of "punitive" charges (to adopt a term coined by Gautrain project manager Jack van der Merwe) what does that say about the real efficiency of the system?
How profitable are tickets? To what extent are they subsidised? When will the Gautrain project show positive cashflow? When will it pay for itself? How long will taxpayers have to fund it? What guarantees does Bombela, the lucky operating concessionaire, enjoy?
Why are there no trains between 20:30 and 5:30? Surely people who go out at night have a very good reason to prefer public transport? What about commuters who need to catch early-bird flights for business?
None of the social media reports – nor indeed any of the news articles in the formal media – even asked these questions, as far as I could see. Let alone getting answers. All were too busy gushing exuberantly about how cool the train was.
Granted, it appears there was no shortage of coolness at the Gautrain launch function. One of the social media invitees described the glitzy event as featuring "musician 'angels' suspended in the air" and "water fountains and plants throughout [which] created a tranquil forest feeling".
Asking hard questions would, presumably, have upset this tranquil feeling.
Another of the intrepid twits compared the Gautrain launch to "Proudest South African" moments such as Nelson Mandela's release from prison and the 1994 elections. Yet another spoke of having buried people who had prayed to be alive to see the Gautrain launch.
It's a train, for heaven's sake! A sense of perspective is not their strong suit either, evidently.
Another social media guest at the event said they were invited as VIPs because of the very hysteria I though tainted their coverage. Worse, they were required to tweet about the event. A journalist with some integrity wouldn't have dreamed of accepting an invitation under those conditions, for fear of being thought a shill. It must be nice for marketing departments to be able to turn to non-journalists who consider it a privilege to be wined and dined in return for parroting the public relations bumpf.
In defence of the Twitterati, however, they did spot a major oversight on the part of the Gautrain marketing team. They tweeted copiously to correct the atrocious spelling of "Shosalosa".
Thanks, folks. Nothing gets past you.












It's been proven time and again - you can distract people with shiny things, using them to create a disconnect between what they think is real, and what is actually real. And the Gautrain is a very shiny thing. A glitzy tassel to the handlebars of an incredibly shoddy public transport system - a shockingly overpriced alternative that delivers more money to the pockets of the government and the private corporations that built it, and does nothing for the people on the street.
I agree - fundamentally, it's a train. It moves people from point A to points B, C and D along a line. It's certainly no massive achievement of engineering - its not maglev, from what I've seen it doesn't use solar or any alternative energy sources, the construction probably wasn't carried out in sustainable ways, and the governing bodies don't involve the public - it's just a very expensive conventional train.
At R100/trip, forgive me if I choose a R20 taxi that gets me there all the same.
I was a little disappointed, though, to see you merely invoke the ol' private-sector-does-things-best mantra and not develop the argument further. I agree, the free market does invariably determine the correct 'price' of goods and thus is the most honest system for determining demand. However, there are some projects that are inordinately large and inordinately crucial to the system working, like national roads, military and police, water supply etc. that are too complex in their working to just be thrown to the private sector (who have no regulatory powers), at least not wholly or without some form of regulation. Now, I'm not saying that the Gautrain is an example of such a project. I don't quite know how much organization was involved and whether or not a private company could ever have pull the strings necessary to get it off the ground (even if they wanted to, from a profit perspective). But I would have been more persuaded by your capitalism-always-knows-best postulation had you at least delved into that stuff.
Just to clarify, Gautrain is not my first choice either, I have been using a trusty shuttle service for mor ethan a decade and will continue to do so, if it remains a safe and cost-effective option.
During the Great Depression massive public works projects were started up all over the world to provide basic incomes for hundreds of thousands of impoverished people. These were all intended to boost the economy by reinjecting cash into the unemployed sectors and provide some sense of personal pride and accomplishment.
I was always under the impression that the works entered into in the US were a good example of how well this would work. That was until I checked my facts before writing this. They seem to have had little to no effect on the recovery of any economies :(
What they did do however is leave standing infrastructure that has worked and been enjoyed by many people spanning generations.
So while the bite today of big tax concessions for a poorly run project delivering a mediocre route is pretty high, the long term benefits have the potential to get huge.
They will need to lower the tarrifs (if what Wogan says at R100/trip is accurate) to make this an affordable daily transit option. They will need to run at night to allow both late worker and early workers to use the train as a commuters option as well as entice revellers to use the safer option of public transport.
I predict that the trains will be a "white elephant" for a few years but will eventually settle into a decent workable system that adds value to the lives of many daily commuters.
As a recent visitor to Hong Kong, they too have the a train, in fact they have many that move at fast pace and can deliver you to within 2 blocks of your destination. I am sure they did not celebrate this train as the greatest thing since the cultural revolution. They just got on with it.
I agree with Ivo, some perspective is needed here.
as one of the "privileged" to receive an invite to "be a part of history" at the Gautrain media launch', i thought i would address some of your points. this comment will be long. i apologise in advance.
1. 'I've been told the privileged invitees on the train whined much about my negativity and cynicism' - don't flatter yourself. if someone discussed you, i didn't hear it. we were having way too much fun to be concerned with your negativity.
2. 'I couldn't help thinking of the airport transfer drivers I have met who expressed a real fear of losing their jobs' - one can never halt progress for fear of some losing their jobs. if we did, you and i would not be communicating here, online, from our computers, at an online newspaper. shame. all the newspaper vendors that lost their jobs..
3. the point of the gautrain is not to replace other modes of transport. it is to add to my list of choices. you are free to use an expensive chauffeur service, as am i to use the more affordable and convenient gautrain.you are probably not the target market anyway. i am.
4. 'Asking hard questions would, presumably, have upset this tranquil feeling'.- the launch function on saturday evening was not the time and place for the 'difficult questions'. it was an evening for celebration. the difficult questions are your job, as a journalist. i cannot answer your points about state vs private finance. all i know is that as a taxpayer, i expect my government to upgrade and maintain the infrastructure, and this is a visible example of such. i am excited, because this is a service that i will be able to use, and it will add value to my life as a commuter in gauteng.
5. 'All were too busy gushing exuberantly about how cool the train was'. - it IS cool. and it is something positive. some of us celebrate the positive, instead of finding fault with it.
6. 'Another social media guest at the event said they were invited as VIPs because of the very hysteria I though tainted their coverage. Worse, they were required to tweet about the event. A journalist with some integrity wouldn't have dreamed of accepting an invitation under those conditions, for fear of being thought a shill. It must be nice for marketing departments to be able to turn to non-journalists who consider it a privilege to be wined and dined in return for parroting the public relations bumpf' - we as tweeters were BY FAR the minority compared to the huge international media presence. isolating in your criticism 8 tweeters to who were invited to tweet about the gautrain, is rather unfair. what about the hundreds of other journalists from all over the world, who ate the same food, listened to the same music, and had the same access?
7. the gautrain is not only an airport - sandton shuttle. when finished, it will cover large parts of gauteng. i live in benoni, and i will certainly be using the rhodesfield - sandton and rhodesfield - pretoria leg, that costs about R21, and will shorten my journey by hours, and will be a lot less stressful than driving.
i am sorry if my enthusiastic tweeting about an evening that i enjoyed, and i service that will add value to my life, annoyed you. your constant fault finding with everything annoys me too. so i think we are even.
jacki
I included the formal media in my critique. They were equally remiss, judging by the news coverage I read. I expect them (a) not to commit to positive coverage (or any coverage at all) in return for a party invite, and (b) to be critical and curious despite the inevitable shmoozing by marketing people. They failed on at least one count.
The choice between appreciating a successful project and critical questioning is not binary. It's not about being "positive" or "negative". If being positive means I can't ask questions about how our tax money is being spent, or about the social and economic impact of government's actions, then I'll gladly be thought negative.
I said "I am duly impressed with what appears to be a well-executed project to build a world-class rapid rail system", did I not? I still have questions, however, quite aside from being opposed to public works projects on economic principle.
I'm sorry you find it "negative" that I'd like answers to those questions. Not being a reporter myself (nor living in Johannesburg), I was hoping to get them from the reporters who were at the launch. I have no doubt some of the answers will make me happy. However, I've combed the news archives, and found none. For that matter, I emailed some of the financial questions to a Gautrain press contact yesterday morning, but I have yet to receive a response. I expect reporters, both professional and amateur, to be curious and critical when they report on events.
And even if all the questions have good answers, and it's as great a project as a government project can possibly get, I still find it nauseating that people call it "a spiritual experience", and compare it to the release of Nelson Mandela or the liberation of South Africa. That kind of naïve gushing is downright insulting, both to the people who fought for our liberation, and to the intelligence of readers.
If this constitutes "being negative", while my appreciation for the hard work and risk-taking of private individuals without a treasury safety net doesn't count as "being positive", then I'm guilty as charged.
the reason why i emerged from my lurkerdom, and went through the somewhat cumbersome process of registering to leave a comment, is because i felt the tone of this particular article was rather unfairly negative, and i felt that the gist of it was partly a specific jab at the people who tweeted from the event. ie: me.
there was a huge media presence at the launch event. either ALL of these people were unprofessionally bribed by good food and excellent entertainment by african footprint, or most media people felt generally positive about the gautrain, and it's impact on gauteng. if i, a shop owner from benoni who tweets, would be critical if criticism were appropriate, then implying that hundreds of journalists would only flatter after experiencing music from floating musicians, is dangerously insultive.
i always respect the right to publicly ask questions, and i thought you raised some valid points. i am sure that the gautrain's press contact will answer some of your issues soon. it is probably their very busiest week ever, so you would have to give them some time.
oh. and i agree. it was not a "a spiritual experience". and it will never come near most achievements of people who fought for liberation. if one person tweeted that, than i am happy that they were so impressed. but to imply that all tweeters and journalists felt that way, is unfair. and insulting to their intelligence.
i was not commenting on your right to ask questions. i was commenting on your implication that i am not.
Whilst you make some very good points, I feel that you miss a few crucial ones, the first one being that time is money!
I regularly fly from the Cape to Jo'burg and have to leave Sandton at least two and a half hours before departure in order to be sure of not missing the flight - the traffic is USUALLY a nightmare.
This means that I frequently have to fly in the night (and stay in a hotel) before in order to be on time for an early meeting, and leave Sandton at 15hoo in order not to miss a 18h00 flight. Instead, I invariably book the flight that leaves OR Tambo around 20h00, which means I get home at past 23h00!
R100 one way for the Gautrain to save an hour or two hours stuck in traffic - stressing like hell that I may misss my flight - is an absolute bargain!
This wasted travelling time has an economic cost.
Wogan - R20 for a taxi ride from Sandton the OR Tambo - where, how? Sign me up.
R20 would not even cover the fuel cost!
How exactly would the taxi, shuttle service or chauffeur service get past the time and traffic congestion problem?
Anyone who has not experienced the up-to-two and a half hours travelling time from Sandton to OR Tambo either does not travel that route too often, or has alternative transport (Jet pack? helicopter?)
@ Alasdair
What you are referring to are the "natural monopolies" where under free market conditions the private sector will under invest or supply an insufficinet quantity of the goods and services for the market.
Public transport world-wide is an "inferior good" ie the higher one's income level, the lower the marginal proensity to consume.
In other words , the better off you are, the less likely you are to consume the "good" public transport.
For many people, public transport has negative utility - ie even if it was FREE (never mind heavily subsisdised!) , they would still not use it, but would choose to use private transport instead.
This is partly why many "park and drive" systems are doomed to failure.
If you want to experience a working example of the above phenomena, spend a bit of time in Hong Kong and Singapore.
I agree with Barry Gill that the Gautrain may well turn out to be a white elephant (the high tariff probably ensures good security on the train itself - the riff raff cannot afford R100, and can you imagine four muggers shelling out a combined R400 in order to have the opportunity to mug someone?)
We could, however, consider the capital cost to be a sunk cost and utilise the facility for the general public at a lower, heavily subsidised rate.
The reported 20 - 25% passenger yield during the first few days does not auger well in terms of passenger numbers - at first blush, this Elephant is looking a bit on the pale side!
Ivo, you are absolutley right to ask the questions that you do - you are not being negative by doing so, you are doing your job.
Last I heard, your job title is not praise singer or PR manager for the Gautrain.
I would love to see the detailed coherent asnwers to your questions, showing rands and cents, costs, passenger number projections, NPV, IRR, payback period etc, but will not hold my breath.
Oh well - at least we now have something that is useful to some people, unlike the arms deal!
I know the Gautrain is a bargain. That is why I sympathise with the taxi drivers who fear for their jobs. It is impossible for them to compete with a government that has confiscatory powers, and can undercut anyone without being subject to any of the restraints the market normally places on unproductive activity or profligate spending.
Let's take this sample of one - me. I travel a huge amount. Well over 1m air miles acucmulated.
I budget 2,5 hours for travel to OR Tambo now due to traffic chaos and inevitable accidents. I have missed flights and meetings due to standstill traffic caused by accidents.
I split travel by chaffeur-drive and my own car depending on the length of time I am away.
Chaffeur-drive or taxi costs vary from R350 to R450 each way. The latest Gautransi approved taxi rate of R15/km means a minimum charge of R480 each way - more than taxi fares in New York (about R14/km regulated to a maximum of $45 from Manhattan to JFK). The rates are before tips.
If I drive myself, there is the stress of negotiating the traffic, finding parking, walking to the terminal and OR Tambo airport parking costs R135 per day.
So for an average 3 day trip to Cape Town, the minimum cost is R405 (3 days parking, no accounting for cost of travel to the airport). Chaffeur drive each way will cost a minimum of R700. At the new Gautransi rates, the two way trip will cost a minimum of R960.
Now let's consider the cost of time spent in transit - let's say 1,5 hrs each way to be conservative. If we take a skilled professional, their hourly charge-out rate may be anywhere between R1000 to R2000 per hour. Let's say R1000 to be conservative. That's R3000 on top of the cost of travel / transit. And those hours and money are lost from the GDP, where they would be subject to a multiplier effect.
So that's perhaps an elitist view. Maybe most passengers are dropped off by family. Maybe most passengers are salaried employees not subject to charge out (although the hours travelling are still lost productivity at the salaried rate). But it does demonstrate the comparable "taxi-cost" to the Gautrain.
Frankly, I find the "anti-competitive" argument flimsy. I am not sure R480 nor even R350 cost reflective as the fees would be if there was true competition in the taxi sector.
You ascribe the lack of private sector provision of a Gautrain service as illustration of the lack of a commercial business case. I suggest you read up on the causes of market failure (this link excellent - http://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-market-failure-introduction.html) and contestable markets (free entry and exit - rail is not one).
Lastly, the Gautrain will be run by Bombela under concession - not government, so your parastatal argument does not compare favourably.